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Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Botany and Biotechnology, Govt. New Science College, Rewa (M.P) 486001, IN

Abstract

Ethnobotany is defined as the study of association, interaction and relationship of human societies especially tribal communities with surrounding vegetation. Human beings have always been largely dependent for their food, shelter, medicine and other needs on plant resources. Today, human beings, particularly the urbanites, are far removed from their plant, benefactors. But the rural and aboriginal folk are very much in harmony with nature for their various needs; they depend largely on plants. but due to rapid modernization, acculturation and resultant greatly enhanced needs; this environmental harmony is getting disturbed. Rural folk are often discarding their age old traditions and are getting absorbed into the process of modernization.

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Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Botany and Biotechnology, Govt. New Science College, Rewa (M.P) 486001, IN

Abstract

Ethnobotany is defined as the study of association, interaction and relationship of human societies especially tribal communities with surrounding vegetation. Human beings have always been largely dependent for their food, shelter, medicine and other needs on plant resources. Today, human beings, particularly the urbanites, are far removed from their plant, benefactors. But the rural and aboriginal folk are very much in harmony with nature for their various needs; they depend largely on plants. but due to rapid modernization, acculturation and resultant greatly enhanced needs; this environmental harmony is getting disturbed. Rural folk are often discarding their age old traditions and are getting absorbed into the process of modernization.

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Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Botany and Biotechnology, Govt. New Science College, Rewa (M.P)486001, IN

Abstract

Vindhyan region in Madhya Pradesh located between 24045' to 25045' N latitudes and 75038' to 82050' E longitude. The total area of the region is 38370 sq.km. This area is known for natural forests and tribes. The tropical deciduous forests of the area are full of biodiversity. The Vindhyan region is the area of tribe according to 2011 census the tribe population of the region was 28.3%. The 30 types of tribe include mainly Gond, Baiga, Kol, Panika, Khairwar, Pao, Majhi, and Agaria etc.

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Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Govt. New Science College, Rewa, (M.P.) 486001, IN

Abstract

The tribes and local forests are intimately correlated socially and economically, the tribes depend on forest their behaviours, working convention and agriculture practices are in relation to the natural protection. They have developed their own methods of conserving many species which they felt are at the verge of extinction. Vindhyan region is known for natural forests and tribes. The tropical deciduous forests of the area are full of biodiversity. Tribes of study area do conserve plants that are socially, medically, economically and culturally significant to them. Nobody cuts Madhuca longifolia (Mahua), Buchanania lanzan(Char), Mangifera indica (Aam), Tamarindus indica (Imli) etc. They mark those trees even in the jungles and protect them. All the plants in the 'sacred groves' Shorea robusta (Sal), Haldina cordifolia (Haldu), Ficus bengalensis(Bargad), Ficus religiosa (Peepal), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and those which are totems of other clans are also preserved. To protect the most exploited, rare and threatened varieties, the tribes do follow unwritten rules, in the form of so-called superstitions. All these general rules help in preserving the plants from destruction. Present research papers give some idea regarding the plants conserved by the tribes of the region and justification behind it. Thus it can be inferred that recording traditional methods of harvesting and identifying resources is important for understanding the regeneration capacity and perpetuation possibilities of the species. Conclusively, the tribes life is forest based; hence these people practice judicious use of the plant resources and conserve many plant species.

Keywords

Conservation, Management, Plant Resources, Vindhyan Region.

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Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Botany Department, Govt. New Science College, Rewa – 486-001 (M.P.), IN

Abstract

It is known that P. niruri is a member of family Euphorbiaceae. In the previous studies the allelopathy, leachtes of P. niruri have been prepared from ischolar_main, stem and leaf and their chemical changes have been also recorded. Further studies have been carried out to observe the effect of these leachates on seed germination and seedling growth of rice crop plant. It was observed that there is change in pH value of stem, leaf and ischolar_main leachtes from first day to six day and different dilutions. The pH value of water is significantly affected by allelochemicals of ischolar_main during the continuous flow of water and this crop present field to be effected by the water of consisting changed pH value. The effect of these weed on the seed germination and seedling growth of rice crop have been studied and it was found that leachates treatment inhibits the seed germination and seedling growth of crop plants. In the allelopathic study we can show that the ischolar_main extract of P. niruri Linn. is more effective that of stem and leaf extracts.

Keywords

Allelopathy, Inhibit, Leachate, Phyllanthus niruri Linn., Rice (Oryza sativa).

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Niharika Mishra ¹, Riyazul Hasan Khan ², Bhavna Dwivedi ¹, Skand Kumar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Govt. New Science College, Rewa (M.P), IN
2 Genentech Laboratories, Biotech Park, Lucknow, IN

Abstract

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD, E.C. 1.2.1.12) is one of the key enzymes in the Embden Meyerhof Parnas or glocolysis pathway. It catalyzes phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to produce 1, 3-diphosphoglycerate. GPD is a tetrameric enzyme composed of four identical subunits. It is an essential enzyme used to maintain life activities through contributing in thisway to the formation of ATP and providing additional energy to the cell by reducing NADH to NAD+ and H+ upon its action. Moreover, GPD protein also has many other important functions, such as abiotic stress tolerance (Liu and Yang, 2005).The pUC18 vector was isolated from E.coli Top10 strain. It is a prokaryotic vector carrying a multiple cloning site with 13 unique restriction sites. This multiple cloning sites are located within the lacZ’ gene resulting in the disruption of β-galactosidase activity by cloned inserts allowing blue/white selection. The vector pUC18 was restricted using the restriction enzyme Eco.RI. Further it was thymidized to provide sticky ends so that desired gene can be inserted in it. The GAPDH gene was amplified using PCR. Then it was inserted/ligated into cloning vector pUC18.It was then transformed into the suitable competent cells which were freshly prepared using JM107 strain of E.coli which is devoid of plasmid. Inside the host cell the recombinant DNA had undergone replication; thus, a bacterial host gave rise to a colony of cells containing the cloned target gene i.e. GAPDH. Various screening methods could be used to identify such colonies, enabling them to be selected and cultured.

Keywords

β–Galactosidase, Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, PCR.

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